Monday, 21 January 2013

Muscle Temperature and Sprint Performance


The paper I am bringing to your attention today represents a good example of how applied exercise physiology research can support the pursuit of performance and Olympic glory. 



The work of Faulkner et al. has indeed contributed to the development of the famous “hot pants” (for more info see: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leicestershire-19063554), which e.g. have helped Sir Chris Hoy becoming one of the most successful British Olympians during the last London 2012 summer Olympics.

In this study, a 9% increase in peak power output during sprint performance was observed in cyclists who had been wearing heated trousers during recovery after a sprint-specific warm-up. The heated trousers resulted in a significant attenuation of the decline in muscle temperature during the 30min post warm-up and resulted effective in improving sub-sequent sprint performance when compared to standard tracksuit pants.

These outcomes might have interesting applications not only for cycling sprint performance, but for any sprint based sport which sees muscle temperature as a critical determinant of performance.

This work was conducted at the Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre: http://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/lds/research/groups/environmental-ergonomics/

Enjoy the reading!


FAULKNER, S. H., R. A. FERGUSON, N. GERRETT, M. HUPPERETS, S. G. HODDER, and G. HAVENITH. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 359–365, 2013.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of passive insulation versus external heating during recovery after a sprint-specific warm-up on thigh muscle temperature and subsequent maximal sprint performance. Methods: On three separate occasions, 11 male cyclists (age = 24.7 T 4.2 yr, height = 1.82 T 0.72 m, body mass = 77.9 T 9.8 kg; mean T SD) completed a standardized 15-min intermittent warm-up on a cycle ergometer, followed by a 30-min passive recovery period before completing a 30-s maximal sprint test. Muscle temperature was measured in the vastus lateralis at 1, 2, and 3 cm depth before and after the warm-up and immediately before the sprint test. Absolute and relative peak power output was determined and blood lactate concentration was measured immediately after exercise. During the recovery period, participants wore a tracksuit top and (i) standard tracksuit pants (CONT), (ii) insulated athletic pants (INS), or (iii) insulated athletic pants with integrated electric heating elements (HEAT). Results:Warm- up increased Tm by approximately 2.5-C at all depths, with no differences between conditions. During recovery, Tm remained elevated in HEAT compared with INS and CONT at all depths (P G 0.001). Both peak and relative power output were elevated by 9.6% and 9.1%, respectively, in HEAT compared with CONT (both P G 0.05). The increase in blood lactate concentration was greater (P G 0.05) after sprint in HEAT (6.3 T 1.8 mmolILj1) but not INS (4.0 T 1.8 mmolILj1) versus CONT (4.1 T 1.9 mmolILj1). Conclusions: Passive heating of the thighs between warm-up completion and performance execution using pants incorporating electrically heated pads can attenuate the decline in Tm and improve sprint cycling performance.

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